Your questions, answered

View our extensive testing capabilities that encompass a broad spectrum of detectable substances in hair samples. Our testing suite covers a vast array of substances, ranging from widely-used drugs and chemicals to rarer compounds. Our services are meticulously designed to detect various substances, including recreational and prescription drugs (90+), performance-enhancing agents (40+), alcohol, and beyond. See the complete list of substances we test for.

The two are connected, and reading them together is what makes the report make sense. When someone uses methylamphetamine (also called methamphetamine), the body breaks part of it down into amphetamine — so both usually appear, with the amphetamine typically around 10–20% of the methylamphetamine concentration. If methylamphetamine reads 2,000 pg/mg, amphetamine would commonly sit somewhere around 200–400 pg/mg.

That gives three readings:

• Methylamphetamine present, with some amphetamine — this can only come from methylamphetamine use. The amphetamine is a by-product of how the body breaks it down.
• Amphetamine alone, no methylamphetamine — most likely dexamphetamine, which is essentially the same substance under another name and may be prescribed for ADHD or narcolepsy, or obtained illicitly. It does not prove methylamphetamine use.
• Both present — usually the amphetamine is coming from the methylamphetamine, but additional dexamphetamine use cannot be ruled out.

The distinction that matters most in court: a positive for methylamphetamine cannot be explained by dexamphetamine use, even with a valid prescription. Read the full explanation in understanding methylamphetamine and amphetamine results.

Yes. Initial urine screens are only presumptive and can return false positives due to certain medications or cross-reactivity. Learn more about false positives for methamphetamine on urine screens.

No. Concerta contains methylphenidate, which is a different type of stimulant and not chemically related to amphetamines or dexamphetamines. While all these medications affect the central nervous system, they have distinct chemical structures. Accredited laboratories that perform confirmatory testing using mass spectrometry (GC-MS or LC-MS/MS) can easily differentiate methylphenidate from amphetamines. This means Concerta will not test positive for amphetamines or dexamphetamines on a properly conducted forensic or court-ordered drug test. However, it’s always recommended to declare all prescribed medications on your chain-of-custody form before testing.

Certain prescription and over-the-counter medications can trigger false positives on saliva roadside drug tests. For a full list and details, see false positives in roadside screening.

Our hair testing service delivers precise detection across a wide range of substances, including the ability to identify methylamphetamine, amphetamine, and their common sources. In many cases, results can indicate whether amphetamine is likely to be from prescribed medications such as dexamphetamine for ADHD, or from illicit drugs such as methamphetamine or MDMA. Each profile is interpreted with care, recognising that methylamphetamine use always produces some amphetamine in the body — and that, when both are present, it is not always possible to determine whether any amphetamine is also from dexamphetamine use.

We also differentiate between substances within the same category by analysing their unique metabolic markers — for example, distinguishing therapeutic methadone from illicit heroin, or identifying specific opioid and stimulant types. Our analysis extends to steroid detection, taking into account how prescribed steroids (for conditions such as anaemia or skin disorders) may influence results, and includes reliable detection of codeine, a common pain relief medication.

While hair drug testing provides highly reliable detection of substances and their metabolites, results should always be interpreted in context. Factors such as metabolic rate, prescription medications, lifestyle, and individual health can all affect how a substance appears in hair. For an accurate, conclusive interpretation, book a consultation with our forensic toxicologist, Dr Michael Robertson.

If someone doesn’t use drugs but suspects their drink was spiked, hair testing can help detect exposure, even weeks and months after the incident. Important: Wait 10–14 days after the suspected incident before collecting the hair sample. This allows enough time for the hair containing the substance to grow above the scalp for accurate testing. For the most accurate results, we recommend segmenting the hair sample. This means analysing sections of hair from before and after the suspected date.

It helps show a clear pattern — that the individual does not normally use drugs, and that the exposure was isolated and non-consensual. If the dose is very low, it may not always be detected. However, we use mass spectrometry, a highly sensitive and precise method with a detection threshold as low as 20 pg/mg — making it the most reliable option currently available. We’ve helped others in similar situations before, and we’ll do our best to support you too.

See the full list of drugs we test, or book online.

In some circumstances, yes — it depends on how often the exposure happened and how concentrated it was. Two separate things can occur, and they are worth keeping apart.

Surface contamination. The drug itself can settle on the outside of the hair from smoke in the air or from handling powder. This is why the laboratory washes every sample before analysis, and why it tests for metabolites and not only the parent drug. A metabolite is what your body produces after breaking a substance down internally — it cannot be deposited on the outside of hair, so finding one is strong evidence the substance was actually taken in. See how hair testing detects real use.

Genuine absorption. The harder case is heavy, repeated exposure — a confined space with sustained smoking, for example. If enough is absorbed, your body metabolises it and deposits it in hair the same way it would after deliberate use. At that point it is a real result, and the question shifts from whether the substance is there to how it got there and how much.

What separates the two is the level detected, the ratio of parent drug to metabolite, and the pattern across a segmented sample. Occasional passive exposure and regular use look very different on those measures — but the distinction is a matter of interpretation, not something stated on the certificate. Where it is contested, have the result read by an independent forensic toxicologist.

Yes. If the product contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the test will detect THC. The laboratory identifies the molecule by its mass, and prescribed THC is chemically identical to any other THC — there is no marker that distinguishes it and no test that could.

A prescription does not make the result negative. What it does is explain it. Declare the prescription on the chain-of-custody form before the sample is taken, with the product name and dose, rather than producing it after a positive result arrives — the result will be the same either way, but how it reads to a court or an employer will not be.

Products prescribed principally for CBD are a separate matter: CBD is not reported as THC, though some formulations contain small amounts of other cannabinoids. Read the full explanation in will prescribed medicinal cannabis show up on a drug test?

On a urine test, genuinely yes. On a hair test, no.

Poppy seeds carry traces of morphine and codeine from the plant. In controlled studies, participants eating ordinary poppy seed foods daily returned urine opiate concentrations in the thousands of nanograms per millilitre — well above common workplace cutoffs, from food alone.

The same participants' hair told a different story. Only two of ten had any quantifiable codeine at all, at 41 and 51 pg/mg against a 200 pg/mg reporting threshold. Neither would have been reported as positive. Urine catches a single recent event; hair records a sustained pattern, and trace dietary exposure never accumulates into one.

That is precisely why a hair test is the standard way to check a disputed opiate result from a urine screen. See can poppy seeds make you fail a drug test? for the published research.

It lowers the concentration measured, but it does not usually change the answer — and it can never create a positive.

Colouring opens the cuticle so pigment can get in, and that lets some of what is inside come out. Controlled work has measured reductions of roughly 40–60% for many substances, with bleaching causing more loss than dyeing. However, a study of more than 10,000 real samples found no significant difference in the rate of positive results between treated and untreated hair: losing part of a concentration that sits well above the reporting threshold still leaves it above the threshold.

No hair product contains drugs of abuse, so routine colouring cannot cause a false accusation. Just declare it at collection. Treating hair deliberately to defeat a test is a poor strategy — the laboratory records the condition of every sample, and heavily damaged hair raises a question more damaging than the original result. See does dyeing or bleaching your hair change a drug test result?

Comprehensive Analysis, No Exceptions: At our laboratory, we leave no stone unturned. Each category undergoes a thorough analysis, ensuring a complete coverage of the full spectrum of substances. We don’t allow selective results; what you get is the whole picture, every time. For an in-depth look at all the substances we test for in our analysis, see the full list of substances tested.

Circumventing a hair drug test presents significant difficulties as the metabolites from substances consumed are integrated into the very fabric of the hair which is why it’s a clear favourite for judicial proceedings. For a deeper understanding, read whether a hair drug test can be cheated.

Hair testing distinguishes itself in substance detection by offering an extensive look back at drug, alcohol, and steroid use, spanning several months. This capability is especially beneficial in legal settings where pinpointing substance users with precision is of paramount importance. Hair analysis effectively counters the issue of test evasion through brief periods of abstinence, providing a more thorough and dependable evaluation compared to other testing methods.

Urine Drug Testing: Urine tests have a narrower window of detection, typically capturing substance use within 1-7 days. Drugs like cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, and PCP are metabolised quickly and may not be detectable in urine after 72 hours from the last use. Despite its promptness, urine testing’s short-term scope offers a limited view of an individual’s substance use history. Saliva Drug Testing: Saliva tests further restrict the detection timeframe, generally identifying drug presence within 48 hours of use.

This method’s appeal lies in its non-invasive nature and swift results, yet it’s constrained by a limited detection period. Long-Term Advantages of Hair Testing: Although initially more expensive, hair testing’s value is evident over time, considering:

• Reduced Frequency of Testing: With hair tests covering up to 3 months per 3cm sample—and potentially more for longer samples—fewer tests are necessary over time. This reduces the costs and logistical challenges associated with the more frequent testing needed for urine analysis.
• Economic and Time Efficiency: The repeated scheduling and attending of urine test appointments can accumulate hidden costs, including lost work hours and travel expenses. Hair testing proves more cost-effective and less disruptive.
• Depth of Detection: Hair testing’s prolonged detection window offers a detailed chronicle of substance use, crucial for contexts that demand an understanding of long-term usage patterns.
• Simplicity and Security of Collection: Hair samples are collected easily and are less prone to the tampering risks seen in urine testing, ensuring sample integrity and test accuracy.
• Precision and Consistency: Known for its high level of accuracy, hair testing lessens the likelihood of needing re-tests due to inconclusive outcomes or concerns of sample tampering, commonly associated with urine or saliva tests.

Saliva Testing Considerations: The reliability of saliva testing can be influenced by recent food and drink intake, due to:

• pH Level Changes: Some foods and drinks can alter the pH balance of saliva, affecting drug solubility and stability, which may impact test accuracy.
• Cross-Reactivity: Certain foods, like those containing hemp seeds, may cause false positives by mimicking drug compounds.
• Sample Contamination: Consuming strongly coloured or flavoured items just before testing can contaminate the saliva sample, potentially affecting the detection process.
• Sample Dilution: Drinking excessive fluids before the test can dilute the saliva, lowering drug concentrations below detectable levels and increasing the risk of false negatives.

To minimise these risks, it’s advised to avoid eating, drinking, and smoking for at least 10 minutes before saliva testing to ensure a clean sample. In summary, hair testing’s comprehensive approach to monitoring substance use, combined with its high accuracy and reduced need for repeat testing, solidifies its utility, especially in judicial and custodial settings where detailed long-term insights are essential.

Introducing workplace testing offers employers numerous benefits:

• Lower Insurance Premiums: Reduced risks can lead to decreased insurance costs.
• Decreased Workers’ Compensation Claims: Fewer accidents and injuries result in lower compensation costs.
• Cost Savings: Reduced expenses from errors, accidents, fatalities, theft, fraud, and violence.
• Legal and Medical Cost Reduction: Less litigation and healthcare expenses related to workplace incidents.
• Lower Recruitment Costs: Decreased hiring and training expenses due to reduced turnover and absenteeism.
• Enhanced Productivity: A safer, more secure environment boosts employee output.
• Improved Workplace Morale: Testing contributes to a fair and trustworthy work environment.
• Early Detection: Allows for the prompt identification of issues, preventing escalation.
• Retrospective Analysis: Detects drug use up to six months prior, offering historical insights.
• Reduced Legal Risks: Fewer unfair dismissal claims through clear, enforceable drug policies.
• Deterrence Effect: The mere prospect of testing can help deter substance use among employees, promoting abstention.

There is no product that reliably removes a drug result from hair, and detox shampoos sold for that purpose do not achieve it. Substances are incorporated into the hair shaft as it forms, not deposited on the surface, so washing acts on the wrong part of the sample. Harsh chemical treatment — aggressive relaxers, bleaching, thermal straightening — can reduce the measured concentration of some analytes, and ethyl glucuronide for alcohol is the most vulnerable of them, but no controlled study in living people shows it dependably brings a result below the reporting threshold.

What it does do is alter the condition of the hair, which the laboratory records. A sample that appears heavily treated invites the question of why, and that question is far more damaging in a hearing than the original result would have been.

Not reliably, and attempting it tends to make matters worse. Shaving the head does not defeat a test, because body hair can be used instead — it simply gives a less precise timeline. Substituting someone else's hair does not work either: the sample is collected by an AHPRA-registered practitioner who verifies photo identification first and seals the sample under chain-of-custody protocol, so there is no point at which the donor handles it.

Abstaining shortly before the test achieves little, because the most recent one to two weeks of growth has not yet emerged above the scalp — the test is looking at months already grown. The honest position is that hair testing is difficult to manipulate, which is precisely why courts rely on it. See our article on cheating a hair drug test.

In the realm of EtG (alcohol) testing, a crucial distinction must be made regarding the optimal hair sample length. The Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) specifically advises that the most accurate and reliable EtG analyses are conducted on hair segments ranging from 3 to 6 cm. This guideline is tailored to EtG testing and does not apply to the testing for Drugs of Abuse (DOA) or steroids. The emphasis on this particular length range stems from the established reliability of EtG analysis within these parameters.

When hair samples are shorter than 3 cm, the foundation for interpreting EtG analysis results may be compromised. This is due to the scientific consensus and international guidelines, which advocate for analysing hair within the 3 to 6 cm range for sound reasons. While obtaining accurate results from shorter hair samples is technically possible, the interpretation of such results faces significant challenges. The absence of standardised guidelines for analysing shorter hair samples makes it difficult to draw reliable conclusions from the findings.

Therefore, although conducting EtG testing on hair samples as brief as 1 cm is feasible, it is essential to approach such cases with caution. Awareness of the potential interpretative challenges associated with testing hair segments shorter than 3 cm for EtG is crucial. When considering EtG testing on shorter hair samples, it may be wise to exercise prudence and consider the potential need for legal advice due to the interpretive limitations that could emerge.

To detect alcohol consumption through hair testing, we measure ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a direct metabolite of ethanol, rather than alcohol itself. EtG in hair serves as a reliable indicator of alcohol intake and is a widely recognised method in the field. EtG integrates into the hair through diffusion from the bloodstream and from sweat, embedding itself along the entire length of the hair shaft. The interpretation of EtG levels in head hair is as follows:

• A concentration of 30 picograms per milligram (pg/mg) or higher typically indicates chronic excessive drinking.
• Conversely, a concentration of 5 pg/mg or lower is generally consistent with abstinence.To summarise the EtG level interpretations:
• Levels below 5 pg/mg suggest abstinence from alcohol.
• Levels between 5 to 29 pg/mg imply repeated alcohol consumption.
• Levels of 30 pg/mg or above strongly suggest chronic excessive alcohol consumption.The standard practice involves testing a 3cm segment of head hair, which provides a retrospective insight into alcohol consumption over the preceding three months. It’s important to note that the actual timeframe may vary slightly due to individual differences in hair growth rates. The cost of testing is typically based on each 3cm segment of hair analysed.

If your test results indicate the presence of alcohol, it’s important to understand what these levels signify. According to the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT), which establishes global standards for drug and alcohol testing, chronic excessive alcohol consumption is defined as consuming an average of 60g or more of pure ethanol daily over several months. To put this into perspective, a standard drink contains approximately 10g of alcohol.

In head hair, an Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) level of 30 picograms per milligram (pg/mg) or higher is indicative of consuming six or more standard drinks per day over an extended period. For a more detailed explanation of the SoHT’s guidelines regarding alcohol markers in hair, you can visit their website at SoHT Consensus. The SoHT provides specific benchmarks for interpreting EtG levels in hair:

• EtG levels below 5 pg/mg suggest abstinence from alcohol.
• EtG levels between 5 to 29 pg/mg strongly indicate repeated alcohol consumption.
• EtG levels of 30 pg/mg or above are indicative of chronic excessive alcohol consumption.Our forensic laboratory adheres to the international hair alcohol reporting standards established by the SoHT, ensuring that our analyses are both accurate and reliable.

The test does not differentiate between “binge” drinking patterns and consistent excessive alcohol consumption. It provides an average indication of alcohol intake over the duration being tested, typically a 3 to 6-month period. The presence of alcohol markers like EtG (ethyl glucuronide) in hair only reveals the cumulative levels detected, without specifying the frequency of alcohol deposition into the hair matrix. Therefore, the levels found in a person who engages in frequent binge drinking could be comparable to those of an individual who consistently consumes alcohol.

While the test can quantify the amount of alcohol markers present in the hair over a selected time frame, it cannot detail the regularity of alcohol consumption. The standard testing window is usually a retrospective look at the past 3 months.

The concept of “social drinking” varies significantly among individuals, leading to differing opinions on the matter. The Society of Hair Testing (SoHT), a leading authority in drug and alcohol testing, categorises chronic excessive alcohol consumption as the intake of 60 grams of pure ethanol per day over an extended period. Given that one standard drink typically contains 10 grams of alcohol, this definition aligns with consuming six or more standard drinks daily over several months.

In hair alcohol testing, an Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) concentration of 30 picograms per milligram (pg/mg) or higher in a hair sample (spanning 3 cm to 6 cm) is indicative of chronic excessive alcohol consumption. Conversely, EtG levels of 5 pg/mg or lower in a similar hair length do not dispute claims of abstinence. While the test results will quantify the EtG levels in the hair sample, they do not provide legal interpretations of what these levels signify.

For those requiring detailed analysis and interpretation of results in legal contexts, our independent forensic toxicologist, Dr. Michael Robertson, offers expert services for an additional fee. This service is particularly valuable for individuals seeking further understanding beyond the information provided in our FAQ section.

Determining if a single night of drinking will result in a positive EtG hair test is complex, largely because the correlation between the quantity of alcohol consumed and the resultant EtG levels in hair varies significantly among individuals. An EtG concentration near 5 pg/mg could suggest occasional or social drinking over the period reflected by the hair sample. Various factors, including the type and amount of alcohol consumed, affect EtG levels.

For instance, the impact of consuming wine may differ from that of vodka, and the effect of two drinks can be quite different from ten. Since the test averages EtG concentrations across the sampled hair length, a segment with a high EtG concentration from a single night of heavy drinking could potentially yield a positive result. The Society of Hair Testing (SoHT), which establishes international guidelines for hair drug and alcohol testing, delineates the following EtG level interpretations:

• EtG levels below 5 pg/mg suggest abstinence.
• EtG levels between 5 to 29 pg/mg imply occasional or repeated alcohol use.
• EtG levels of 30 pg/mg or above typically indicate chronic excessive alcohol consumption, equating to six or more standard drinks per day over several months.For further details on SoHT’s alcohol marker guidelines in hair, you can visit their website at SoHT Consensus.

Our forensic laboratory adheres to the SoHT’s international standards for hair alcohol testing, ensuring our practices align with globally recognised benchmarks.

EtG is hydrophilic and water‑soluble, making it more vulnerable to chemical damage or wash‑out but There are no peer‑reviewed, controlled human EtG but in vitro data ( a scientific experiment or procedure conducted outside of a living organism, typically in a controlled laboratory environment like a test tube, petri dish, or cell culture) suggest it might reduce EtG:

Chemical and thermal treatments can reduce EtG, but amounts vary; at best ~40–80%. Bleaching or alkaline perms~ 40–80% EtG reduction in controlled lab studies Search Science Direct for more info. Thermal straightening (200 °C × 60 sec): Average ~ 24% drop (range: ~0.8% to ~70%, and some hair showed ~14% increase) in 16 EtG-positive samples. Read more at Academia

Short Answer: No — not reliably, and comes with risk. Why? The only evidence showing EtG loss comes from laboratory tests on hair samples (in vitro). Real-world, controlled studies in live people simply don’t exist—there’s no proof that such treatments consistently lower EtG enough to pass a forensic test safely.

What the scientific studies show (in simple terms)

• Bleaching & alkaline treatments (like relaxers)

EtG is polar and water-soluble, meaning it doesn’t bind tightly inside hair. In lab settings, bleach or alkaline relaxers often removed 40–80% (or more) of EtG. In some cases, hair-treated specimens showed undetectable EtG levels afterward.

• Heat straightening (e.g. flat-iron at ~200 °C for 1 minute)

In a lab test on 41 EtG‑positive samples, the average loss was ~20%—but results varied from ~1% to nearly 80% reduction, and a few samples even showed increases (up to ~50%) due to heat damage making EtG easier to extract. Why this does not guarantee a passing test

• These are in vitro results

No outcomes have ever been demonstrated in live, untreated human subjects under controlled conditions.

• Highly variable and unpredictable

The same treatment which removes most EtG in one strand may leave it untouched—or even elevated—in another, depending on damage level, hair type, colour, and treatment method.t

• Forensic labs expect and scrutinise treated hair

The Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) explicitly states that EtG levels are highly influenced by chemical or thermal hair treatment. Analysts are trained to visually check and document any cosmetic processing and interpret results with caution. If bleach lines, over-straightened texture, or extreme brittleness are visible, they may flag the sample as compromised, request alternative specimens (like nails or body hair), or reject it entirely.

Final takeaway: While lab experiments show chemical or heat treatments may reduce EtG in hair, there is no scientific basis to say they can reliably clear it enough to pass a formal hair EtG test. Forensic labs are geared to detect such manipulations and will likely treat any unusually low EtG in a chemically treated sample as unreliable or invalid.

Safe and foolproof: The only proven way to get a valid negative EtG hair result — especially in legal, medical, or monitoring contexts — is to abstain from alcohol and avoid all chemical or heat treatments (e.g. bleach, relaxers, perms, straightening) throughout the duration of the hair segment tested.

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a direct metabolite of ethanol and is used as a biomarker in hair to detect alcohol consumption. Since EtG is produced in the liver following the ingestion of alcohol, it serves as a more reliable indicator of alcohol intake than testing for ethanol itself. This is because ethanol is volatile and can also be absorbed from external sources, making its direct measurement in hair unreliable. In the context of hair products, it’s important to note that the presence of alcohol-based ingredients like SD alcohol, denatured alcohol, or isopropyl alcohol in shampoos or other hair care items does not lead to a positive EtG test. This is because these products are applied externally and the alcohol they contain is not ingested, hence not metabolised into EtG by the liver.

However, since the use of alcohol-containing hair products might raise questions in a sensitive testing context, it is advisable for individuals undergoing EtG hair testing to declare the use of such products at the time of sample collection. This helps clarify any potential misunderstandings about the source of alcohol-related compounds in their hair.

EtG is a metabolite of alcohol, indicating the body’s processing of ingested ethanol, and its presence in hair is typically seen as a marker of alcohol consumption. However, liver diseases could potentially impact the metabolism of alcohol and, by extension, might influence the formation and detection levels of EtG. Most studies on EtG focus on its reliability as a marker for alcohol consumption rather than the impact of liver conditions on its levels.

Therefore, while it’s known that liver diseases can alter ethanol metabolism, the direct effect of these diseases on hair EtG levels isn’t clearly established in the literature and could vary based on individual metabolic responses and disease severity. For accurate interpretation, particularly in legal or medical contexts, it’s advisable to consult directly with a forensic toxicologist who can provide insights tailored to specific circumstances, including any potential effects of liver disease on EtG levels.

Below is a list of specific liver conditions that could potentially affect how alcohol is processed: Alcoholic Liver Disease: This encompasses a spectrum of conditions including fatty liver (steatosis), alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis, all caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Alcoholic liver disease can severely impair liver function, impacting alcohol metabolism. Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis is the scarring of the liver tissue, often caused by long-term exposure to toxins including alcohol and viral infections.

As the scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, the liver’s ability to function properly is diminished, including its capacity to metabolise alcohol efficiently. Fibrosis of the Liver: This is the initial stage of liver scarring that can eventually lead to cirrhosis. While fibrosis does not always exhibit symptoms, it can still affect liver function including the processing of alcohol. Hepatitis: This inflammation of the liver can be caused by viruses, alcohol, drugs, or autoimmune diseases.

Chronic hepatitis, especially from viral infections like hepatitis B or C, can lead to liver dysfunction and slow the metabolism of alcohol. In these conditions, the liver’s reduced capacity to process toxins effectively, including alcohol, can lead to longer durations of alcohol staying in the bloodstream, potentially affecting the production and detection of EtG.

The Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) no longer includes Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEEs) in their Consensus on Alcohol Markers as of the 2019 revision. This decision followed the earlier removal of FAEEs from their proficiency testing program, attributed to the “lack of uniformity surrounding the analysis and interpretation of FAEE results.” The inconsistencies in analysing and interpreting FAEE data led to the SoHT’s decision to exclude these markers from their standardised alcohol testing guidelines.

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is typically not tested in hair as it is a blood biomarker. Testing CDT in hair isn’t feasible because the biomarker is specific to the blood and does not deposit into hair in a way that can be measured reliably. Hair testing for alcohol consumption primarily utilises a direct ethanol metabolite called ethyl glucuronide (EtG) which integrates into hair and can provide a historical record of alcohol use.

The preference for EtG over CDT in determining chronic alcohol consumption, especially in legal contexts, is based on several factors related to the markers’ sensitivity, specificity, and detection windows. Detection and Use: EtG is a direct metabolite of alcohol that integrates into hair and can provide a historical record of alcohol use over several months. This makes EtG highly valuable in legal contexts where establishing a pattern of alcohol consumption is necessary.

It is sensitive and specific to alcohol ingestion, able to detect even low levels of consumption and identify relapses.

CDT is a biomarker found in blood (not hair), because it reflects changes in the glycosylation of transferrin due to chronic heavy alcohol use. It is typically measured to indicate recent heavy drinking over a period of up to two to three weeks. CDT levels begin to rise after sustained heavy drinking and typically return to normal within two to three weeks of abstinence.

Sensitivity and Specificity: EtG is preferred for testing due to its sensitivity and the length of its detection window, which can reveal alcohol intake over several months. It is highly specific to alcohol, making it effective for legal cases.

CDT, detected in blood serum, is less sensitive than EtG, especially for low or moderate alcohol intake. Its reliability can be affected by factors like liver disease, genetic variations, and the individual’s iron status, which can lead to false positives.

Practical Considerations: EtG in hair testing is favoured because it can monitor alcohol consumption over an extended period, crucial for assessments in legal scenarios.

CDT normalises more quickly than EtG, making it less useful for determining long-term alcohol consumption patterns. Its use remains confined to blood tests where it serves as an indicator of recent heavy alcohol use.

In summary, EtG is generally preferred over CDT for alcohol testing in legal contexts because of its greater sensitivity, specific detection of alcohol, and the ability to monitor alcohol consumption over an extended period. This makes EtG a more effective tool for use in court, whereas CDT’s use remains confined to blood tests where it serves to indicate recent heavy alcohol use for a limited time.

While it’s theoretically conceivable that alcohol metabolites could transfer from a mother to her baby through breast milk, there is currently no conclusive research to support this pathway for alcohol detection in infants. Therefore, as of now, testing a baby’s hair for alcohol ingestion via breast milk is not a validated method.

Due to these uncertainties, it’s more practical and reliable to test the mother for alcohol consumption if there are concerns about alcohol exposure to the infant.

FAQ's Specific To Steroid Testing

We offer one of the greatest steroid detection capacity in Australia testing over 40 known steroids and their esters with a high degree of sensitivity using Mass Spectrometry (5 – 20 pg/mg from a 20 mg hair sample). Results are admissible for medico/legal proceedings. See the full list of steroids tested

Determining whether a single dose of steroids can be detected involves numerous variables, making a definitive answer challenging. These variables include:

• The amount of steroid consumed.
• The concentration and purity of the steroid.
• The presence of any additives in the steroid formulation.
• The frequency of steroid use, whether it’s a single instance or chronic usage.
• Previous steroid exposures.
• Individual factors like metabolism rate, body weight, and renal function.Given these factors, it’s difficult to predict with certainty if a single dose will be detectable. However, the choice of detection or testing methods plays a pivotal role in accurately identifying steroid ingestion.

In the context of judicial proceedings, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) is often considered the gold standard for hair steroid testing due to its precision. Our clinic exclusively employs LCMS for this reason. Additionally, the fat solubility of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) means that these substances can integrate into the body’s fat stores, potentially allowing their metabolites to remain detectable for extended periods.

For example, steroids like Deca Durabolin may be identifiable for over a year, attributed to their propensity for fat storage.

The duration for which steroids can be detected in the body is influenced by a myriad of factors, making steroid detection a notably intricate matter compared to many other drug substances. Here are the key elements that impact steroid detectability:

• Type of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS): The metabolism rates of AAS drugs vary widely; some are processed and leave the body within days, whereas others can linger for months, depending on their metabolic breakdown ease.
• Designer vs. Standard Steroids: Some athletes may choose designer AAS, engineered to evade detection more effectively. In certain instances, these may be completely undetectable, making the concept of a detection window void.
• Detection Methods: The detectability of specific steroid compounds differs significantly across various drug test modalities. While some steroids can be identified across all common testing platforms, others may only be detectable through particular methods, like hair testsing thus influencing the potential detection timeframe.
• Dosage and Duration of Use: The amount and length of steroid use significantly affect the concentration of AAS in the body, thereby influencing the detectability in tests.
• Mode of Administration: The body metabolises and excretes oral steroids faster than injectable forms, which means the detectability window varies with the administration route.
• Fat Solubility: AAS drugs are lipophilic, tending to accumulate in the body’s fat reserves. This attribute allows the fat to harbour metabolites for protracted periods, with certain steroids like Deca Durabolin detectable for over a year due to their affinity for fat storage.

Navigating steroid drug tests successfully entails meticulous planning and in-depth research into the substances in question. The layered complexity of these factors heightens the risk of unintentionally failing an essential drug screen.

In urine testing, the focus is on identifying testosterone metabolites, whereas hair analysis not only detects testosterone but also, crucially, the intact testosterone esters often used in testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

When an individual is prescribed TRT, the treatment typically involves one or more specific testosterone esters, such as Testosterone enanthate. The detected steroid esters in the hair sample should correspond to those prescribed. Instances have been noted where individuals have augmented their prescribed TRT regimen with additional substances. It’s important to note that while this test quantitatively measures testosterone levels, it provides only a qualitative assessment for other anabolic substances, meaning it can confirm the presence or absence of testosterone esters without indicating their concentration.

Anabolic steroids can lead to a range of side effects, varying in severity:

• Emotional and behavioural changes, including mood swings and heightened aggression.
• Reproductive issues, such as testicular shrinkage and reduced sperm count in men.
• Gynecomastia, or the development of enlarged breast tissue in men.
• Fluid retention, leading to swelling in various parts of the body.
• Fatigue and a general feeling of tiredness.
• Depression, which can range from mild to severe.
• Discomfort or pain during urination.
• Clitoral enlargement in women.
• An increase in red blood cell count, which can have multiple effects on health.
• A decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or “good” cholesterol.
• Elevated blood pressure, contributing to cardiovascular strain.
• Heightened risk of cardiac events, such as heart attacks.
• Liver issues, including an increased risk of liver disease and liver cancer, as the liver works to detoxify the body.
• Changes in hair growth patterns, including facial hair growth in women and baldness in men.
• Sleep disturbances, including insomnia.
• Reduced libido or sex drive.
• Increased likelihood of osteoporosis, leading to weakened bones.
• Higher chance of tendon ruptures, which can result from compromised tissue strength.
• Skin conditions, such as acne.
• A strong desire or craving for steroids, which can lead to dependency.

FAQ's Specific To Forensic Reporting

We are dedicated to ensuring your initial visit to our clinic is as smooth and comforting as possible. Here’s a checklist to help you prepare: Hair Requirements: Please ensure your head hair is at least 1-3 cm long for the test. If head hair isn’t available, body hair is also acceptable. Identification: Bring a valid photo ID, such as a driver’s license or passport. We are unable to conduct tests on individuals who cannot be properly identified.

Reading Glasses: If necessary, bring your reading glasses to comfortably complete the required paperwork. Payment: Be prepared with your payment, either through personal funds or the payment details of someone covering the costs on your behalf. Time Allocation: Please allow 15-20 minutes for your appointment to ensure we can thoroughly complete all steps of the process. Support and Assistance: We recognise the anxiety and stress that can accompany undergoing any form of testing.

Rest assured that you will be met with respect and empathy, free from any form of judgment. Our primary aim is to provide support and assistance throughout your visit, helping you navigate each step with ease and confidence.

Cost-Effective and Non-Intrusive: The Advantages of Hair Testing Hair testing is recognised not only for its efficiency but also for being a cost-effective solution in the long term. Unlike multiple urine or blood tests that may be required on short notice over a three-month period, hair testing consolidates these needs into a single, less intrusive appointment. This approach not only circumvents the inconvenience and potential income loss from attending numerous tests but also eliminates the stress and disruption caused by last-minute scheduling.

Moreover, hair testing offers a more dignified, non-intrusive experience compared to the collection of urine or blood samples. Its tamper-proof nature further enhances its reliability, providing a secure and comprehensive three-month drug usage overview in one straightforward session. This convenience, combined with the assurance of tamper resistance, positions hair testing as a superior choice for both accuracy and user comfort.

Embrace Clarity and Transparency in Pricing Say goodbye to the frustration of unforeseen “additional” charges. Our “full panel” substance testing is not just an option—it’s our baseline promise to you, ensuring a comprehensive examination without any hidden fees or omitted crucial tests. We’re confident in the value we offer and invite you to compare our rates. You’ll discover our pricing is not only competitive but straightforward—no entanglements or baffling pricing schemes here.

Our pricing model is simple and transparent, tailored to the specific testing and reporting services you need. For a clear, itemised overview of our costs, see fees and pricing. This structured approach ensures that you know exactly what you’re paying for, enhancing your experience with us through clarity and upfront communication.

The standard timeline for receiving your hair test results via email is typically 5 to 7 business days from when we receive your hair sample. Should you require faster processing, we offer an expedited testing service. This involves delivering the hair sample to the forensic lab on the same day it’s collected and requesting the lab team to prioritise your sample. Please note, this expedited option is not available for tests initiated with a postal kit, as the acceleration process begins only once we have the sample in our possession.

While we strive to meet your desired timelines by ensuring the lab receives the sample as swiftly as possible and placing an urgent request on your behalf, we cannot guarantee specific deadlines will be met. Expedited testing is not available after 5 pm on weekdays or during weekends and public holidays, and it incurs additional fees. To avoid any unforeseen delays, advanced planning is advised for a smooth and efficient testing experience.

The process of collecting hair for testing is designed to be both discreet and minimally invasive, involving the careful trimming of a small sample close to the scalp. For the analysis to be considered valid, the collected sample needs to consist of approximately 120 strands, which equates to 100 milligrams or roughly the thickness of a shoelace tip. This sample is usually obtained from the crown of the head for consistency.

We understand that undergoing a hair substance test can be a source of anxiety and emotional discomfort. Our priority is to ensure the process is as stress-free and comfortable as possible. When it comes to cutting hair, especially from visible areas, we take great care to do so strategically, minimising visibility to maintain your privacy and dignity. Our team has heard concerns about distressing experiences elsewhere, but we want to reassure you that we approach this process with the utmost sensitivity and respect, aiming to alleviate any undue stress.

The decision to use head or body hair for testing substances like drugs, alcohol, or steroids is crucial due to their differing growth characteristics, which directly influence result analysis. Head Hair Analysis: Head hair is the gold standard for substance testing, growing at a steady rate of approximately 1cm per month. This uniform growth rate enables forensic toxicologists to estimate substance use timelines with greater precision from the hair sample’s length.

Typically, a 3cm segment of head hair can reflect up to three months of substance use retrospectively. Body Hair Considerations: Body hair analysis introduces greater complexity. Although it may seem to grow at the same rate as head hair, body hair has a significantly larger proportion of dormant (telogen phase) hairs, which can stay inactive for up to three months before shedding. As a result, a single centimeter of body hair might indicate up to four months of exposure to substances, considering 1 month of active growth plus 3 months of dormancy.

Timelines from body hair are thus estimated by measuring the average length and adding three months to account for the potential dormancy period. Given these intricacies, head hair is the preferred sample for substance testing, especially in legal scenarios, due to its ability to provide more straightforward and accurate timelines. Consulting with legal counsel before opting for body hair testing is advised, as the sample site choice could greatly impact result interpretation, and testing fees are non-refundable. Preferred Sample Collection:

• Head Hair: The preferred source due to its consistent growth, offering clearer insights into the timing of drug/alcohol/steroid use.
• Body and Facial Hair (e.g., Underarm, Beard, Pubic Hair): Considered when head hair is unavailable, requiring about 2 full tablespoons for sufficient testing material.In conclusion, while both head and body hair can serve as testing samples, head hair’s reliable growth rate makes it the superior choice for accurately determining substance use timelines, particularly relevant in legal contexts.

If your hair transplant is autologous (using your own hair — such as from your beard or another area of your body), you don’t need to wait for a washout period, as the transplanted hair is still biologically yours. However, there are a couple of things to keep in mind:

• Healing Time: You should allow at least 2 weeks post-transplant to ensure the donor and transplant areas have healed before collecting a sample.
• Hair Length: Hair must be grown to an appropriate length — ideally 1 cm or longer — to provide a valid test segment.
• Hair Products: Using shampoos or serums (even post-transplant) does not interfere with LC-MS/MS hair testing, provided standard hair collection and lab washing protocols are followed.

If your transplant involved donor hair from someone else, then a longer wait time would be required to ensure that only your own growing hair is tested. Alternative Option: If head hair is not yet long enough, body hair (such as from the chest, arms, or legs) may be suitable for drug or alcohol testing.

We provide the option of dispatching our hair collection kit directly to your General Practitioner (GP), who will then act as the official hair collector. This service is designed for convenience but is contingent upon the GP not having a personal relationship with the hair donor, such as being a friend or family member. While opting for this service eliminates the need for clients to travel to our Melbourne clinic, we caution that there may be potential drawbacks.

These include possible inaccuracies in hair sample collection and additional costs associated with kit acquisition and GP consultation fees. Therefore, we recommend visiting our clinic directly whenever possible. You can order a hair collection kit

Due to the significant expenses incurred by our forensic team and lab operations, we are unable to provide free testing. However, you may be eligible for support from entities such as Legal Aid or the Department of Families, Fairness & Housing (DFFH), which could potentially cover the costs of your testing. We encourage you to reach out to these organisations directly to explore your options.

While we recognise that some individuals may prefer anonymous testing for personal reasons, it’s important to note that our facility does not accept hair samples from unidentified sources. This policy safeguards the legal and privacy rights of individuals, preventing unauthorised collection and testing of hair or DNA samples without the knowledge or consent of the person being tested. The implications of such unauthorised testing could have significant legal and privacy ramifications.

For those seeking anonymity, we offer a solution where your hair sample is identified by a number rather than your name, ensuring your results remain confidential and are disclosed only to you. We uphold strict privacy standards, and without your explicit written consent or a legal mandate, your results will not be shared with third parties. You have the option to visit our clinic for hair sample collection or, if preferred, we can dispatch a hair collection kit to a trusted healthcare professional, such as your GP, who can then collect the hair sample on our behalf.

This ensures adherence to our stringent identification and collection protocols. While third-party collection is an option, we recommend visiting our clinic directly for a smoother process. At your appointment, you’ll need to provide a valid form of identification, like a driver’s license or passport. The collection process, including documentation and sample sealing, typically takes about 20 minutes. Payment is required at the time of service, as the lab will not process samples without it.

Expect your results via email within 5-7 working days, excluding weekends and public holidays. Our collection protocols are consistent across all testing scenarios, ensuring that should you decide to use your results for legal purposes later, the integrity of the chain of custody and the legal validity of the reports are maintained. Key Policies and Procedures:

• Strict Mail-in Policy: We do not accept unsolicited hair samples by mail to maintain the integrity of our testing process and ethical standards.
• Identification and Consent: Testing requires valid identification and the explicit consent of the individual being tested, protecting personal rights and preventing unauthorised submissions.
• Verification at Collection: We confirm the hair donor’s identity and competence at the time of collection, requiring the presence of a legal guardian for minors and adhering to custodial rights.
• Chain-of-Custody Integrity: Our strict adherence to chain-of-custody ensures that only properly collected and consented samples are tested, preserving the legal admissibility of the results.

These measures are in place to ensure the highest standards of accuracy, privacy, and ethical testing practices.

No. You do not need a referral, a GP request or a court order to book a hair drug, alcohol or steroid test. Anyone over 18 can arrange one directly, for their own purposes or because a court, employer or agency has asked for it. If a court has specified a detection window or particular substances, bring those details — or confirm them with your solicitor first — because the order usually sets the timeframe. Testing a child requires the consent of a person with parental responsibility, and we verify that authority before collecting.

Not to a home address, deliberately. Our collection kit is posted to a GP or medical practitioner you nominate, who acts as the official collector. If nobody independent verifies whose hair was submitted, the result carries very little weight — which defeats the purpose of ordering it for a court, an employer or an agency. Home-use kits bought online are fine for personal curiosity but are not chain-of-custody samples and are not accepted as evidence. See how collection kits work.

When looking for a hair drug test near you, choose a provider that uses laboratory-based analysis, follows a strict chain-of-custody process, and provides results suitable for legal or workplace purposes. Clear instructions, identity verification, and transparent reporting are essential.

FAQ's Specific To Alcohol Testing

It is generally estimated that substances such as drugs, alcohol, and steroids become detectable in head hair roughly 8-14 days after ingestion. This delay is predominantly due to the time required for the hair to grow above the scalp, allowing the substances to be captured in the hair strands.

Yes, it can. Hair testing records what was in your system when the hair was growing. Because hair grows about 1 cm a month, a 3 cm sample usually reflects the last three months. If there was a two-week period of heavy use, that section of hair can carry a higher concentration. When the lab tests the whole 3 cm as one sample, the heavy-use period can raise the overall result, even if use dropped afterwards. Some labs do “segmental testing” (month-by-month), which can show higher levels in one section and lower in the next.

But if the hair is analysed as a single average, the short heavy-use period may still look like a high result overall. Read more?

To establish approximate timelines for hair testing, it’s important to account for natural variations in hair growth. On average, head hair grows at an approximate rate of 1 cm per month, but this can range from 0.7 cm to 1.5 cm. Additionally, 15%-20% of head hair may be in a dormant phase, experiencing no growth. Due to these factors, pinpointing precise dates of drug or alcohol exposure based solely on hair length is not feasible.

For a more conservative approach in timeline estimation, we recommend using the lower end of the growth spectrum. For instance, calculating a growth rate of 0.7 cm per month would take approximately 4.3 months to achieve a hair length of 3 cm (0.7cm growth rate x 4.3 months = 3cm). Please note that body hair typically has a much higher proportion of dormant hair. Therefore, we recommend adding an extra three months as a conservative estimate to account for this when calculating approximate timelines.

Head Hair Analysis Hair testing accurately reflects drug/alcohol/steroid use history up to 6 months (assuming 6cm of hair length is available to test). Since head hair grows approximately 1cm per month, it’s possible to examine individual monthly segments. For a recent three-month analysis, the initial 3cm nearest the scalp is tested; for six months, the next 3cm is analysed. This process, known as segmental testing, involves evaluating distinct hair lengths separately.

To ensure precision, it’s best to predetermine the desired testing period, as longer durations may lead to less accurate results due to hair growth variability and the presence of dormant hair, which makes up 15% to 17% of scalp hair at any time. For analysing a full 6cm, two 3cm segments are tested individually to avoid diluting drug concentrations over a larger sample. While 1cm or 2cm segments can be used for drug or steroid testing, alcohol testing is optimally conducted on 3cm segments.

Alcohol (EtG) Testing Distinction It’s crucial to note the specific considerations for EtG (alcohol) testing. Per the Society of Hair Testing (SOHT) guidelines, the most reliable EtG results are obtained from 3 to 6 cm hair segments, a standard not applicable to Drugs of Abuse (DOA) or steroid testing. Testing EtG in hair shorter than 3 cm may not provide a reliable basis for interpreting results, given the scientific consensus and guidelines favour the 3 to 6 cm range.

While EtG testing on 1cm samples is possible, the interpretive challenges of such short segments should be considered. We advise caution with EtG testing on hair shorter than 3 cm due to these potential limitations. Before proceeding, especially for legal purposes, consult with legal experts to define the necessary timelines. The lab’s fee structure is based on each 3cm of hair length tested, highlighting the importance of clear communication regarding the testing scope.

Body Hair Considerations The methodology for estimating drug exposure dates from body hair significantly differs from that of head hair, primarily due to body hair’s slower growth rate and higher proportion of dormant (telogen) phase hair. Each centimetre of body hair can represent up to 4 months of drug exposure, accounting for 1 month of growth plus 3 months of dormancy. Consequently, segmental testing for body hair, which would assess two separate time frames, is not feasible.

Given the complexities associated with body hair timelines and their potential impact on legal matters, head hair is strongly recommended for testing where possible. It’s crucial to discuss these aspects with your legal advisor before undergoing hair testing, as all fees for the service are non-refundable.

Yes. Following abstinence drugs, alcohol and/or steroids may remain present in the hair until the hair grows out, falls out or is cut. While it is generally accepted that head hair grows at a rate of 1 cm/month, hair growth rates vary from person to person, hair of different parts of the body grow at variable rates and hair also stops growing for a period of time prior to falling out confounding results in some instances.

Key Factors Influencing Detection: Hair Growth Variability: Hair growth averages around 1cm per month, but this can fluctuate between 0.7cm and 1.5cm. Such variations can complicate the timeline estimation for substance use, potentially mixing recently grown, clean hair with older substance-infused hair strands.

Hair Emergence Period: Typically, it takes about 8-14 days for newly formed hair to grow above the scalp and be available for collection when cutting hair. Dormancy in Hair Growth:A significant portion of hair, around 15%-20%, may enter a dormant phase, halting growth prior to falling out. This dormancy can lead hair containing drug from an earlier time period blending in with newly formed and growing hair, particularly if the sample is taken from areas with a high concentration of dormant hair, like body hair.

Sensitivity of Testing Methods: Screening methods such as immunoassay (IA) offer a rapid, albeit limited, screening that might overlook low-levels of drug. Immunoassay is susceptible to false negatives and false positives. LCMS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), is recognised as the gold standard of hair testing for its comprehensive detection capabilities and high sensitivity, providing more conclusive results.

Any testing that utilises IA technology should confirm the presence of a drug by mass-spectrometry.

Impact of Hair Colour: The melanin in darker hair can bind more readily to some drugs than in lighter hair, slightly influencing the sensitivity of detection based on hair colour. Chemical treatments (e.g. dye or bleaching) or thermal treatments may reduce drug concentrations.

Practical Considerations: Opting for a 3cm hair test via LCMS after 4 months of abstinence may not guarantee a negative result, particularly for habitual users. The chosen hair segment typically reflects the last 3 months of growth, but factors like growth rate variability and the 8-14 day period for subcutaneous hair emergence can alter this timeframe. Laboratory Selection: Our laboratory utilises LCMS technology with specified cut-off levels to ensure the utmost precision.

It’s advisable to evaluate different laboratories based on their testing methodologies (IA vs. LCMS) and cut-off concentrations, as higher cut-off concentrations may lead to negative results despite the presence of substances, a critical consideration in legal contexts. In essence, the detection of substances in hair samples post-abstinence is influenced by a myriad of factors. An informed approach to test selection, an understanding of hair growth dynamics, and the physical attributes of hair are paramount in accurately interpreting test outcomes.

Our standard hair test results deliver concise and straightforward findings, detailing the exact substances identified with their detected concentrations measured in pg/mg. This meticulous enumeration includes a broad array of substances, ensuring a thorough screening. The layout is designed for clarity, showing each screened substance with a clear positive or negative result. This format refrains from offering additional interpretations or delving into the broader implications of the detected substances.

The interpretation of these results, particularly when positive, involves complexities that extend beyond the basic numerical data provided. Understanding the significance of detected levels in relation to patterns of substance use, frequency, dosage, or specific timelines demands specialised forensic expertise. Hair analysis serves as a durable record of substance exposure, capturing data over extended periods. However, understanding meaningful insights relevant to the hair donor regarding usage patterns from this data is intricate and often requires professional interpretation to fully understand the implications of the test results.

For those who receive a positive result, or for cases where a deeper analysis is required, consulting with our forensic specialist Dr Michael Robertson is recommended to navigate the intricacies of the findings and their potential implications.

Hair drug testing is a scientifically validated method used to detect the presence of drugs over an extended detection period. Each sample is initially screened against a defined drug panel. If a sample screens “non-negative” for any substance, the result is confirmed using mass spectrometry — an analytical technique recognised by Australian forensic and court standards for its exceptional accuracy and specificity. A drug and its quantitative value are reported only when the confirmed concentration exceeds the reporting threshold specified on the Certificate of Analysis.

If a substance is detected below this threshold, it is considered a non-reportable trace, and the Certificate records the result as not detected. For example, if a donor’s sample screens negative for all drugs within the testing panel, this confirms that no substances were present at or above the reporting thresholds. These thresholds are intentionally set at low levels to allow for the detection of both occasional and chronic drug use where present.

Trace detections below these thresholds are not indicative of active or meaningful drug consumption and carry no evidentiary significance in legal proceedings.

Detectability of Infrequent Drug Use: The question of whether sporadic drug use will register in a hair test is complex. Generally, for a single or occasional use under “normal” dosing conditions, detection is less probable due to the “dilution” effect over a standard three-month test period. However, the likelihood of detection increases with the intensity and frequency of use. Remarkably, in instances like drug-facilitated sexual assault, even a one-time use can be identified, highlighting the test’s sensitivity.

Guaranteeing Detection of Single Exposures: While our testing can identify single exposures, a definitive positive result cannot be assured for every case. The nuanced nature of hair testing underscores the importance of understanding these limitations. Impact of Chemical Hair Treatments: Treatments such as bleaching or dyeing can influence drug detectability in hair. The impact varies depending on the drug, the type of chemical treatment, and its intensity.

Our experience shows that even extensively treated hair can often yield positive results, attesting to the robustness of our testing protocols. Effect of Hair Age on Results: Testing hair segments representing more than 6 months can lead to diluted drug concentration readings. To mitigate this, we analyse such growth in two 3cm segments, ensuring a more accurate representation of drug use. Adjusting for Hair Growth Timing: Accounting for the time hair takes to emerge above the scalp, we recommend extending the testing period by 2 weeks around the suspected drug use timeframe to enhance result accuracy.

Influence of Hair Colour: Darker hair, due to its higher melanin content, may bind more drug metabolites, potentially showing elevated detection levels compared to lighter natural hair shades. Hair Drug Testing Techniques Explained: The landscape of hair drug testing is marked by distinct methodologies, each with its own set of capabilities and limitations. The enzyme-based immunoassay, known for its rapid and cost-effective analysis, is tailored primarily for identifying consistent drug users, with a focus on a limited range of 5 to 9 substances.

However, this method’s notable drawback lies in its susceptibility to inaccuracies, such as false positives and negatives, which can significantly distort the true picture of an individual’s drug use history. In response to these limitations, our clinic has made a decisive move towards the superior accuracy and expansive scope of mass spectrometry. This method stands out for its ability to detect a wide spectrum of over 70 substances, encompassing both illegal drugs and prescription medications.

With its remarkable sensitivity—down to 1 pg/mg—mass spectrometry redefines the standards of precision in drug detection, ensuring even the most sporadic drug use does not go unnoticed. Our exclusive commitment to mass spectrometry stems from a profound understanding of its benefits over immunoassays. By moving beyond methods that predominantly capture long-term drug use and are prone to error, we guarantee our clients a level of reliability and depth in analysis that is unparalleled.

This strategic choice is not just about superior technology; it reflects our deep commitment to providing the most thorough and accurate drug use analysis available. Our approach not only enhances the quality of our services but also instills a sense of confidence and clarity in our clients, which is especially crucial in contexts requiring indisputable accuracy, such as judicial proceedings. Opting for NATA-Approved Forensic Analysis: By conducting our mass spectrometry analyses under the rigorous NATA-approved forensic standards, we ensure an exhaustive evaluation of drug consumption patterns.

This meticulousness is key in scenarios where the stakes are high—whether it’s exonerating an individual wrongfully accused, identifying instances of prescription drug misuse, or detecting occasional drug use. It’s this level of precision that upholds the integrity and reliability of our test results, making hair drug testing a trusted cornerstone in forensic analysis. Choosing a laboratory that aligns with these high standards is essential for circumventing the pitfalls of false results, thereby maintaining the credibility and essential role of hair drug testing in both forensic science and broader drug detection efforts.

Receiving a positive hair drug test result can lead to significant concerns, especially if it has implications for legal matters or personal circumstances. If you’re facing a positive hair drug test result or dealing with legal issues such as traffic drug offences, Dr. Michael Robertson, a forensic expert on our team, offers his comprehensive expertise. While our clinic focuses on hair drug testing, Dr. Robertson’s skills extend to a variety of forensic analyses, including the interpretation of urine, blood, and saliva tests, being particularly relevant in DUI cases.

Dr. Robertson’s expertise encompasses not only drug testing across different matrices but also poison analysis, providing a broad base of knowledge for cases requiring intricate forensic interpretation. This makes him an invaluable resource for those needing expert testimony or detailed explanations of forensic results, whether for personal understanding or legal proceedings. For those interested in engaging Dr. Robertson for forensic services, we offer detailed information about his wide-ranging expertise.

Learn how Dr. Robertson can assist you with the forensic analysis needs of your specific situation, ensuring expert guidance and testimony when it’s most needed.

No. A hair test can only read the hair that exists, and head hair grows roughly 1 cm per month — so the window is limited by length. A 3 cm sample covers about three months and 6 cm about six. Reading seven years back would require around 84 cm of hair, and even then the result would be meaningless: growth rates vary between individual follicles, so the further back a segment sits the less precise its timeline becomes.

In practice six months is the longest window we recommend, and longer periods are arranged by discussion rather than sold off the shelf.

No. Hair is not a permanent record. A substance is laid down in the hair as it forms at the scalp, and that section then grows out and is eventually cut off or shed. Once the hair carrying it is gone, so is the record. This is why the detection window is set by the length of hair available rather than by how long ago the use occurred, and why waiting does eventually remove old use from range — though not nearly as quickly as most people assume, because hair grows only about 1 cm a month.

Chain of custody is a legal process that ensures every sample is handled, documented, and transferred in a secure and traceable way. It provides a clear record of who collected the sample, how it was sealed, and each step it passed through until it reaches the laboratory. This procedure is essential when results may be used in court or in other official proceedings, as it guarantees the sample has not been tampered with or substituted. How it works in practice:

• Collection: The hair collector verifies the donor’s ID, records the details, and collects the hair sample.
• Sealing: The sample is placed in tamper-evident packaging, sealed with barcodes and/or security labels, and signed or initialled by both the collector and the hair donor.
• Documentation: A custody and control form (CCF) is completed, matching the sample with unique identifiers. Copies are provided for the laboratory, hair collection centre, and donor.
• Transport: The sealed sample and paperwork are placed in a secure satchel or courier bag and sent to the laboratory for analysis.
• Laboratory receipt: On arrival, the lab checks the seals, logs the details, and confirms the chain of custody before testing begins.

This strict procedure ensures that the test results can be relied upon in a legal, workplace, or family law context.

We are committed to the highest standards of integrity in our hair sample collection and testing process, meticulously maintaining the chain of custody to ensure the reliability and credibility of our results. Our protocol includes the following steps:

• Donor Identification: We initiate the process by authenticating the identity of the hair sample donor using a government-issued photo ID, such as a Driver’s License or Passport, to confirm the authenticity of the hair donor’s identification.
• Adherence to Global Standards: Our hair collection methodology is in strict compliance with the guidelines recommended by the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT), ensuring our practices meet international benchmarks.
• Sample Security: Following collection, the hair sample is secured with multiple tamper-evident seals, safeguarding the integrity of the sample from collection through to forensic analysis.
• Analysis by Accredited Laboratory: The secured hair sample is transported to the forensic laboratory, accredited by the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA) and compliant with ISO/IEC 17025 standards. This ensures the lab’s proficiency in delivering precise and trustworthy analytical outcomes.

For those who are not locally based, a General Practitioner, with no personal or familial ties to the hair donor, can be appointed to undertake the hair collection. This collector is supplied with our hair collection kit, complete with detailed instructions to ensure the collection process’s accuracy and integrity. Additionally, for clients seeking enhanced validation, our forensic team is prepared to furnish a detailed statement outlining the chain of custody and the analytical methods utilised, for a supplementary fee.

This documentation serves to thoroughly authenticate the management and examination of the sample, adding an extra degree of confidence and transparency to the entire testing procedure. It’s important to note that the cost for this extra service is contingent upon the particular demands and intricacy of the requested report.

Yes. Our hair drug testing complies with the standards required for legal and court matters in Australia.

• NATA Accredited Laboratory (ISO 17025): All testing is performed through a laboratory accredited by the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA), ensuring high-quality, legally defensible results.
• Gold Standard Testing: We use mass spectrometry for precise and reliable detection.
• Chain of Custody: Every sample follows strict legal protocols, including ID checks and secure handling, to ensure admissibility in court.
• Clear, Court-Ready Reports: Results are presented in a clear format suitable for family law, legal, and employment-related matters.

Yes. The laboratory we use — HASTA — is fully accredited by NATA (ISO/IEC 17025), the National Association of Testing Authorities, which is Australia’s premier accreditation body. This accreditation ensures that every test is performed under strict international standards for accuracy, reliability, and technical competence. We choose HASTA because it is one of the most advanced drug and alcohol testing facilities in the country, with a proven record of quality, scientific excellence, and compliance with Australian legal requirements.

Why HASTA Stands Out Australian-based & accredited: HASTA operates entirely within Australia and holds NATA (ISO/IEC 17025) accreditation. This means every result meets internationally recognised standards for laboratory quality, accuracy, and reliability — all while remaining under Australian privacy and evidence laws. Extensive screening in one analysis: Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, HASTA can detect over 95 drugs and metabolites in a single run.

In contrast, many overseas laboratories test only limited panels, which can lead to missed detections, re-testing delays, and added costs. Fast turnaround times: Because testing is performed locally, samples do not face international shipping, customs holds, or time-zone delays. Results are typically returned much faster — an essential factor for court, family law, or workplace testing deadlines. Significant investment: With over $20 million invested in state-of-the-art analytical technology, HASTA gives Australia access to world-class drug-testing capability.

Expert scientific staff: HASTA employs highly trained scientists specialising in toxicology, drug detection, and data interpretation to ensure consistent, accurate, and defensible results. Legal and compliance assurance: All samples follow a fully documented Australian chain of custody from collection through to laboratory analysis, ensuring results are admissible for court, workplace, or legal purposes. CASA and international recognition:

• For Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) testing, clients should confirm directly with CASA that HASTA’s certification meets current regulatory requirements.
• For international use, it’s best to verify with the relevant authority in your country that NATA accreditation to ISO 17025 aligns with their accepted standards, as requirements may vary.

In short: HASTA delivers fast, reliable, and comprehensive Australian-based drug and alcohol testing. While overseas laboratories may sometimes appear cheaper, they often involve limited drug panels, longer delays, and added shipping or re-testing costs. Choosing HASTA means choosing precision, compliance, and confidence — with every sample tested right here in Australia.

We use HASTA Laboratory in Australia only—we do not send samples overseas. Keeping testing local supports speed, legal robustness, and clear communication. Practical advantages of HASTA (Australia):

• Broad panel in one go: HASTA can screen 95+ drugs and metabolites in a single run using high-resolution mass spectrometry. This reduces the risk of missing a substance because a limited panel was selected and avoids costly re-testing or donor recollection if the drug target wasn’t on the first panel.
• Faster results: No international shipping, customs, or time-zone delays. Add-on tests or clarifications can be handled quickly without exporting evidence.
• Legally defensible: NATA accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025 with a documented Australian chain of custody from collection to result—well aligned with local court and workplace requirements.
• Privacy & compliance: Testing remains under Australian privacy and evidence frameworks (e.g., Privacy Act 1988 (Cth)), with easily accessible local support for affidavits and clarifications.
• Lower hidden costs: While some overseas labs may initially appear cheaper, international shipping, currency exchange, customs holds, and panel-by-panel pricing can make them slower and not necessarily cheaper overall—especially if re-testing is needed.
• Fewer recollections: A comprehensive first pass greatly reduces the chance you’ll need to call the donor back, which can be inconvenient, visible (more hair removed), and risky for legal timelines.
• Clear local support: Speak with Australian scientists and administrators quickly for urgent matters and report formatting suited to Australian family law, employment, and court contexts.

In short: Overseas options can look cheaper upfront, but are usually slower and may require additional panels or re-tests. Using HASTA’s broad, single-run screen in Australia delivers faster, more complete results with fewer delays and lower end-to-end risk.

At our facility, we exclusively employ the internationally acclaimed gold standard for hair drug testing: Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). Understanding the distinction between the two prevalent types of hair drug tests is crucial, as it can significantly impact the outcomes relevant to your case. The rapid enzyme-based test (immunoassay) is adept at identifying chronic users but is limited to a narrow spectrum of drugs (typically 5-12).

In contrast, the more sophisticated mass spectrometry approach not only detects occasional or social drug users but also analyses 95 different drug types, encompassing both illicit substances and prescription medications, in a single assessment. By adhering to NATA-approved forensic laboratory testing protocols, which utilise mass spectrometry, we ensure a comprehensive and accurate representation of an individual’s drug intake history.

This method greatly reduces the risk of false negatives or positives, providing exoneration for the wrongly accused, identifying potential overprescription, and challenging the claims of irregular users. Our commitment to precision and reliability in drug testing underscores our dedication to delivering conclusive and fair results. Precision in Hair Analysis: The laboratory advocates for segmental testing every 3cm of hair to maintain high accuracy levels.

This method ensures that periods without drug activity don’t dilute the detection of active drug periods. Testing larger segments could distort the actual concentrations, which is why a meticulous 3cm interval testing is adhered to. For pinpoint accuracy, focus on the timeframe around your specific date of interest, extending roughly 2-3 weeks before and after. It’s important to note that most forensic experts advise against analysing hair segments representing more than 6 months (or over 6cm of growth).

This is due to the variability in hair growth rates and dormancy stages among individual follicles, which can lead to discrepancies over longer periods. While requests to examine hair beyond the 6-month mark can be made, the decision to proceed rests with the forensic team. They weigh the potential for significant timeline inaccuracies, which could have legal implications. The key takeaway is that the longer the hair segment tested, the greater the possibility for time-related variances.

Special Considerations for EtG (Alcohol) Testing: It’s crucial to recognise the unique aspects of Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) testing for alcohol consumption. The Society of Hair Testing (SOHT) has set international guidelines suggesting the most reliable EtG test results come from analysing hair lengths between 3 to 6 cm. This standard differs markedly from the testing protocols for Drugs of Abuse (DOA) or steroids, where the emphasis isn’t placed on this specific length range as you can test shorter periods such as 1 or 2 months (1-2 cm of growth) retrospectively.

The distinction is particularly significant because testing EtG in hair shorter than 3 cm might not provide a solid foundation for interpreting results. The established scientific guidelines and consensus revolve around hair samples within the 3 to 6 cm length, making the interpretation of results from shorter hair lengths more challenging due to the absence of guidelines for these smaller segments. Thus, while EtG testing on hair samples as short as 1 cm is technically possible, it’s essential to approach the interpretation of such results with caution due to the aforementioned limitations.

This advisory underscores the need for careful consideration when testing hair sections under 3 cm for EtG (alcohol) analysis.

Beyond our primary testing services, we offer a specialised Independent Forensic Expert Reporting service, tailored specifically to meet the intricate demands of the Australian legal community.

This service is grounded in providing expert advice that is not only timely and objective but also backed by rigorous scientific validation, ensuring its defensibility in legal settings.

Our team of experts is adept at navigating the complexities of legal cases, offering insights that can significantly impact the outcomes of legal proceedings. Whether it’s for litigation support, dispute resolution, or expert witness testimony, our reports are meticulously prepared to meet the highest standards of clarity, accuracy, and reliability.

Speaking directly with our expert without an appointment is challenging, as he frequently provides expert witness testimony across Australia. For optimal service, please email us your requirements along with any relevant reports.

We will schedule a time for Dr. Robertson to review your documents and provide his expert verbal opinion. Please be aware that there is a fee for phone consultations. For more details and to arrange your session, book online.

Our reports are based solely on scientific facts and objective analysis, so we cannot guarantee that they will always support your position. Dr. Robertson provides his expert opinion without bias. If you are uncertain about your case and wish to understand potential outcomes before committing to a more costly written report, a verbal consultation may be a strategic option. This approach allows you to preview the insights that would be included in a full report. Please note that fees apply for both verbal and written consultations.

Absolutely, arranging a verbal consultation before committing to a comprehensive written report is a common and strategic approach. This allows you to gain preliminary insights and understand the potential direction of the report. It’s a practical way to ensure that the report will meet your expectations and avoid any surprises that may not be in your favour.

If you’re seeking a basic overview to identify regular or chronic usage of illicit substances and/or alcohol, the following published levels are generally recognised indicators: Common Ilicit Substances

• Cannabis (THC & CBD): Levels above 50 pg/mg suggest regular use.
• MDMA (Ecstasy)/MDA: Concentrations over 200 pg/mg are indicative of regular consumption.
• Methamphetamine: A level exceeding 200 pg/mg points to regular use.
• Amphetamine: Similarly, more than 200 pg/mg signals regular consumption.
• Cocaine: Levels above 500 pg/mg denote regular use.
• Ketamine: A concentration greater than 200 pg/mg suggests habitual use.
• Heroin Metabolite (6-Monoacetylmorphine): Over 200 pg/mg indicates regular usage.
• LSD: Any detectable level is noteworthy due to its potency.Alcohol Analysis through EtG Levels in Hair
• <5 pg/mg: Consistent with abstinence.
• 5 to 29 pg/mg: Strongly indicates repeated consumption.
• >30 pg/mg: Points to chronic excessive drinking.Interpretation should be approached with caution, considering factors like metabolism, hair pigmentation, and cosmetic treatments, which can all influence drug/alcohol levels in hair. Treat this as a general reference, not a precise measurement.

Comprehensive Written Reports: If you require a detailed written forensic report, the typical completion time is 10-14 business days, subject to the complexities and specific details of your case.For information on our service fees, see fees and pricing.

Dr. Robertson’s Availability: Dr. Robertson maintains a busy schedule, travelling across Australia to provide expert witness testimony and complete report writing. To facilitate timely delivery, we recommend providing as much advance notice as possible. He strives to deliver reports within the standard timeframe of 10-14 business days and may accommodate urgent requests based on priority.

Submitting Your Requirements: Please include your court date when submitting your requirements to allow us to effectively manage our schedule. This ensures that we can align our timelines with your needs.

Timely Requests: To ensure the timely delivery of your report, it is advisable not to delay your request. Should we be unable to meet your required timeline, we will notify you promptly and will not proceed without your consent.

We offer impartial forensic reporting services, delivering expert advice to the Australian legal sector that is prompt, objective, and scientifically robust. Our reports are crafted for clarity and are designed to withstand the strictest judicial and scientific examination. For more information about our globally acknowledged forensic toxicologist, Dr. Michael Robertson, see his credentials.

Fees for our services vary based on the complexity and nature of the forensic reporting needed. Some cases are relatively straightforward, while others involve intricate analyses that require additional time and expertise. Opting for a verbal opinion can be a cost-effective choice if you don’t need a written report or if you’re still exploring your options unsure if a written report would be favourable. For a detailed breakdown, see fees and pricing.

No need for an initial in-person appointment; our procedure starts with evaluating your submitted reports for a preliminary assessment, enabling us to provide insights either via phone or a comprehensive written report, all without the necessity of a face-to-face meeting. The cost of this service will depend on the type of report you select. Here’s how to begin:

• Identify the Required Report Type: Explore the various report options on our website to find the one that best suits your needs, proceed with the payment keeping in mind that prices vary depending on the report chosen.
• Seek Assistance if Needed: If you’re uncertain about the most suitable report type for your needs after exploring the options, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. You can contact us via email or phone our clinic at 03 9380 5434 for personalised advice and support.

To facilitate a smooth process, we kindly ask you to submit your inquiries through our designated web form. This step is crucial as our reception team cannot assist you without the information provided in the form. Dr. Michael Robertson, our forensic toxicologist, requires the completed form before engaging in any consultations or preparing written reports. This form should include your contact details, the specific nature of the report you need, any pertinent deadlines, a copy of your results, and confirmation of fee payment.

Dr. Robertson’s schedule, filled with expert forensic witness appearances in courts throughout Australia and the preparation of detailed reports, requires significant time for meticulous planning and review. Consequently, he is unable to take direct calls. For prompt and efficient handling of your request, please use our designated web form.

Our front desk staff will schedule an appointment with Dr. Robertson only after we have received and processed your completed form and confirmation of payment. We assure you that all information and communications are treated with the highest level of confidentiality and will only be disclosed under a court-mandated order, or legally mandated.

Yes. Dr Michael Robertson's full curriculum vitae is on this site — qualifications, professional appointments, Standards Australia committee roles, peer-reviewed publications and presentations. A full list of publications and presentations can be provided on request.

The cost of providing expert testimony in court varies depending on the duration required by the court and whether the testimony is delivered in person or via audio-video link. Typically, court testimony via audio-visual link for up to 2 hours is standard and is the most cost-effective option.

For in-person appearances, fees will include both the time spent in court and any necessary travel expenses.

Once we understand your specific requirements, we can provide a detailed fee schedule. For more information, see fees and pricing.